The Hidden Struggle of Kidney Disease in Uganda
For 15 years, Mutebi Derrick has lived a life that many of us can hardly imagine—one filled with weekly hospital visits, constant fatigue, and a strict health routine. Diagnosed with kidney failure, he is part of an increasing number of Ugandans facing the burden of kidney disease, a condition that often goes unnoticed until it's too late.
Mutebi recalls the early signs that something was wrong. "I used to wake up with strange swellings, especially on my face. At times, I would get terrible headaches, and later I began experiencing severe stomach pain that wouldn't go away even with painkillers. That's when I decided to visit Mulago Hospital. It was there that I was told my kidneys had failed."
His doctor pointed out a truth that many often ignore—our daily habits can determine our health outcomes. Mutebi admits he rarely checked his blood pressure, used painkillers without much thought, and generally ignored signs from his body. Today, he depends on dialysis twice a week to survive.
"Before dialysis, I usually feel weak. My eyesight becomes poor, and I sometimes get diarrhea. The process gives me some relief, but it's demanding—physically, emotionally, and financially," he shares. "You also need to eat well during dialysis to maintain your strength."
Kidney disease occurs when the kidneys no longer function properly. These vital organs are responsible for filtering toxins from the blood and removing waste through urine. When they fail, dangerous substances build up in the body, leading to serious health problems.
According to kidney specialist Robert Kalyesubula, kidney disease is tricky because it doesn’t usually show symptoms until the damage is severe. Some warning signs include swelling in the feet and face, but many people—up to 90%—don’t show any signs until it's too late.
Kalyesubula explains that kidney disease progresses through five stages. In stages one and two, the disease can still be reversed. However, by stage five, known as kidney failure, patients must rely on dialysis or a kidney transplant to survive.
One of the most alarming facts about kidney disease is that it is rarely inherited. Instead, the condition is mainly driven by lifestyle factors. High blood pressure, obesity, not drinking enough water, and the overuse of painkillers are the biggest causes. Many people take medications like paracetamol or ibuprofen regularly without realizing the damage they're causing to their kidneys.
He emphasizes the importance of routine health checks, staying hydrated, eating healthy, and controlling blood pressure. For patients like Mutebi, dialysis offers a lifeline—but it's not without its cost. Besides the physical toll it takes, dialysis is expensive and requires regular hospital visits. Many patients struggle to keep up with the treatments.
"I've seen people miss their sessions because they don't have transport or money for food," Mutebi shares. "This is not just a medical issue; it's a social and economic one too."
Mutebi's journey is a reminder that the kidneys may be small organs, but they play a big role in keeping us alive. Taking them for granted could come at a high cost. "Listen to your body," Mutebi urges. "Don't wait until you're lying in a hospital bed to start caring about your health."
Key Causes of Kidney Disease
- High Blood Pressure: One of the leading causes of kidney disease, as it damages the blood vessels in the kidneys.
- Obesity: Excess weight puts additional strain on the kidneys and increases the risk of other conditions that affect kidney function.
- Lack of Hydration: Not drinking enough water can lead to the buildup of toxins and increase the risk of kidney stones and infections.
- Overuse of Painkillers: Medications like paracetamol and ibuprofen, when taken frequently, can cause long-term damage to the kidneys.
Preventive Measures
- Regular Health Check-Ups: Early detection is crucial in managing kidney disease before it becomes severe.
- Healthy Diet: Eating foods rich in nutrients and low in salt helps support kidney function.
- Stay Hydrated: Drinking enough water throughout the day helps flush out toxins from the body.
- Control Blood Pressure: Managing hypertension through lifestyle changes or medication can reduce the risk of kidney damage.
The Cost of Dialysis
Dialysis is a life-saving treatment for those with kidney failure, but it comes with significant challenges. The procedure is time-consuming, requiring multiple sessions each week, and it can be financially draining for many families. Additionally, the emotional and physical toll of dialysis can be overwhelming, making it difficult for patients to maintain a normal quality of life.
Despite these challenges, dialysis remains a critical option for those who cannot undergo a kidney transplant. However, access to this treatment is limited in many parts of Uganda, where healthcare resources are scarce and financial constraints are widespread.
A Call to Action
Mutebi’s story highlights the urgent need for greater awareness and education about kidney disease. By understanding the risks and taking proactive steps to protect our health, we can reduce the impact of this condition on individuals and communities. As Mutebi reminds us, listening to our bodies and seeking timely medical care can make all the difference in preventing serious health complications.
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