The ongoing conflict in Sudan has led to a surge of violence, with shelling, bombing, drone strikes, and attacks causing civilian casualties across the country. From remote villages to major cities, the war continues to escalate, with key areas like Khartoum, El Fasher, Port Sudan, and the border triangle between Sudan, Libya, and Egypt becoming focal points of contention. The warring factions, including the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), are not only vying for military control but also for political influence.
In March, the SAF reclaimed Khartoum from the RSF, prompting Army Chief Abdel Fattah El Burhan to initiate steps toward restoring a civilian government. Meanwhile, RSF Commander Mohamed 'Hemedti' Dagalo announced the formation of a parallel government. Additionally, the Sumoud coalition, led by former Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok, is pushing for the establishment of a new civilian democratic administration. These political maneuvers take place against a backdrop of widespread displacement, as millions of civilians flee their homes due to fear of extrajudicial killings, bombardments, sexual violence, and other war crimes. Displacement camps have transformed into makeshift military bases, leaving many without shelter or support.
The humanitarian crisis is worsening, with famine spreading across the nation. Maternal mortality and malnutrition rates are rising, along with cholera outbreaks. Farmers face the planting season under dire conditions, while activists struggle with limited security, resources, and services. Despite these challenges, there are signs of resilience. In an open letter, former AU and UN official Abdul Mohammed reminds Sudanese people of their history of peaceful resistance. Reports of children continuing their education and grassroots movements offer glimpses of hope for the future.
Daily reports highlight the escalating violence:
- April 1: Over 40,000 people arrive in Nyala, fleeing violence in Khartoum.
- April 2: Severe shortages of food and essentials plague El Fasher, with prices soaring under the RSF siege.
- April 3: UN High Commissioner Volker Türk expresses shock at widespread summary executions in Khartoum.
- April 6: Intense shelling in El Fasher intensifies as famine looms, with the UN signaling readiness to intervene.
- April 7: A drone strike on Dongola Airport triggers a massive explosion, killing several people.
- April 8: UAE officials dismiss Sudan’s case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), while RSF attacks claim multiple lives.
- April 9: At least 11 killed in attacks by the RSF and SPLM forces in North Kordofan.
- April 10: Protests erupt outside the London UAE Embassy as the ICJ opens its preliminary hearing into Sudan's genocide case.
- April 12: El Burhan holds talks with Turkish and Libyan leaders, while activists release a list of those killed during an RSF attack.
- April 13: Approximately 450 civilians, including women and children, are reported killed in a ground offensive on Zamzam Camp.
- April 14: The UK pledges £120 million in aid, while markets across Darfur are shattered.
- April 15: Photographer Giles Clarke captures a stark portrayal of life in Sudan, while Sudanese journalists call for international action.
- April 16: Millions of displaced civilians flee El Fasher, and the UN Security Council condemns recent attacks on North Darfur.
- April 20: The UN appeals for urgent funding to support Sudan’s most vulnerable.
- April 21: A lawyer faces trial amid allegations of torture in detention, while the SAF reports 47 civilian deaths from an RSF artillery barrage.
- April 22: Human rights groups campaign for the release of 30 miners, while over three million displaced civilians flee El Fasher.
- April 24: RSF accused of killing at least 55 civilians in North Darfur.
- April 25: Sudan braces for a malaria crisis as healthcare systems collapse.
- April 27: Yasser Arman calls for protection of civilian installations from RSF drone attacks.
- April 28: Footage of RSF executions sparks global condemnation.
- April 29: Sudanese refugees undertake dangerous "suicide trips" to reach Europe.
- May 2: Sudan ranks 156th in the World Press Freedom Index, with over 400 journalists fleeing the country.
- May 3: On World Press Freedom Day, 90% of media facilities are destroyed.
- May 4: SAF accuses RSF of launching a coordinated drone assault on Port Sudan.
- May 5: ICJ dismisses Sudan’s case against the UAE, sparking public outrage.
- May 6: Sudan severs diplomatic ties with the UAE, while renewed drone strikes hit Port Sudan.
- May 7: Drone attacks target Port Sudan and Kassala, with the EU calling for dialogue.
- May 8: Yasir Arman urges action to protect civilians and secure aid corridors.
- May 10: Sudan enters a phase of forced decentralization, according to Amgad Sharif.
- May 11: Photos of ruined media organizations in Khartoum are described as "searing and painful."
- May 12: A report discusses changing attitudes toward female genital mutilation in Sudanese communities in Egypt.
- May 14: Renewed drone attacks hit Port Sudan, which has been under bombardment for 12 consecutive days.
- May 15: At least 18 civilians are killed in an attack on El Hamadi village in South Kordofan.
- May 18: Maternal mortality rate climbs to 295 per 100,000 live births.
- May 19: El Burhan appoints Kamil El Tayeb Idris as Sudan’s civilian Prime Minister.
- May 20: AU Chairperson Mahamoud Ali Youssouf praises Idris’s appointment as a step toward democracy.
- May 21: Mixed reactions greet Idris’s appointment, drawing both applause and condemnation.
- May 22: US accuses Sudan’s government of using chemical weapons, threatening sanctions.
- May 23: Refugees protest the suspension of food aid, while cholera cases surge.
- May 25: Farmers prepare for the planting season amidst faulty irrigation and equipment shortages.
- May 26: Two girls are raped after leaving Kounongou refugee camp, while RSF shells Abu Shouk camp.
- May 27: New US sanctions draw mixed reactions.
- May 28: Cholera cases rise sharply in Khartoum state.
- May 29: RSF expands control over Kordofan, while Sudan forms a committee to investigate chemical weapon allegations.
- June 1: Aerial bombardment in North Darfur kills and injures at least 89 people.
- June 2: Five die in a raid on a joint humanitarian aid convoy.
- June 3: JEM condemns the dissolution of Sudan’s caretaker government.
- June 4: As Sudan marks the sixth anniversary of the Khartoum sit-in massacre, it is added to the US travel ban list.
- June 5: Sudan grapples with mounting plastic waste and weak environmental enforcement.
- June 8: Six cholera cases confirmed in El Geneina, West Darfur.
- June 9: Doctors and groups raise alarm over the newly implemented US travel ban.
- June 10: WFP chief warns that the international community must act now to prevent famine.
- June 11: Cholera confirmed in six states across Sudan.
- June 12: RSF seizes control of the strategic border triangle between Sudan, Libya, and Egypt.
- June 13: Seven civilians killed by RSF artillery shells in El Obeid.
- June 14: Prime Minister Idris orders the evacuation of Sudanese nationals from Iran.
- June 15: Sudanese Teachers’ Committee disagrees with the decision to reopen schools in Khartoum.
- June 16: The Sudanese Pound falls sharply against international currencies, while human trafficking intensifies.
- June 17: Chronic water shortages threaten access to essential needs.
- June 18: Hospital clerical worker detained in Abu Jubeiha, South Kordofan.
- June 19: Sumoud launches a diplomatic tour in South Africa, while a story highlights the plight of women in conflict.
- June 20: Sudan faces the largest displacement crisis globally on World Refugee Day, with over 12.3 million displaced.
- June 21: 6,000 Sudanese refugees face barriers to obtaining identification documents in Uganda.
- June 22: Civilians in Nyala face terror from extrajudicial killings and kidnappings.
- June 23: Most areas of Khartoum lack electricity and water services.
- June 24: Chadian government allows Sudanese students to sit for secondary school exams.
- June 25: Sumoud refuses to recognize the new prime minister, instead proposing a direct approach to rival factions.
- June 27: SAF agrees to a UN call for a one-week humanitarian truce in El Fasher.
- June 28: New defense and interior ministers are sworn in to El Burhan’s 'Government of Hope.'
- June 29: RSF artillery shelling kills at least three people and wounds dozens in El Fasher.
- June 30: Artillery strikes rock El Fasher as the RSF rejects a UN-proposed truce, with hundreds of children succumbing to malnutrition.
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